mineral

Carnelian Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide impurities

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: Orange, red, brownish-red; Luster: Waxy to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64

Hardness: 6
Color: Orange, red, brownish-red
Luster: Waxy to vitreous

Identified May 13, 2026More mineral →

Explore Carnelian Agate in the encyclopedia →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: Orange, red, brownish-red; Luster: Waxy to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64

Formation & geological history

Formed through the deposition of silica in cavities of volcanic rocks (basalts). Its color is derived from iron oxide impurities that migrate through the silica gel. Found in various geological ages ranging from Cretaceous to Holocene.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry (beads, cabochons), carved into seals and talismans, and as a popular specimen for rock tumbling and metaphysical collections.

Geological facts

Carnelian was highly valued in Ancient Egypt, where it was believed to assist the soul in its journey to the afterlife. It is a variety of chalcedony that owes its name to the Latin word 'caro' (flesh) or 'cornel' (cherry).

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its translucency (hold to light), waxy texture, and conchoidal (shell-like) fracture patterns. Frequently found in riverbeds and gravel pits in areas with volcanic history.

Other mineral specimens

See all

Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)

Arenite (SiO2 based)

sedimentary

Schist

Metamorphic

Epidote

Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)

metamorphic

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite

Mineral/Rock

Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)

Gneiss (specifically a banded variety often found as a river rock)

Metamorphic Rock

Green Apatite on Albite

Fluorapatite [Ca5(PO4)3F] on Albite [Na(AlSi3O8)]

mineral