gemstone
Carnelian Bracelet
Carnelian (Cryptocrystalline Quartz, SiO2)
Hardness: 6.5-7 Mohs; Color: reddish-orange to brownish-orange; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal) microcrystalline silica; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- reddish-orange to brownish-orange
- Luster
- Vitreous to waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 Mohs; Color: reddish-orange to brownish-orange; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal) microcrystalline silica; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64
Formation & geological history
Formed in silica-rich volcanic environments where iron impurities stain the microcrystalline quartz during crystallization. Often found in geodes and alluvial deposits.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in jewelry (beads, cabochons), carvings, and seals. Historically valued as a gemstone of protection.
Geological facts
Carnelian is one of the oldest gemstones used in jewelry, dating back to the Neolithic period. The name likely comes from the Latin word 'cornum' meaning cornel cherry.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its translucent, warm orange-red glow and lack of visible banding (which would make it an agate). Common in Taiwan's coastal deposits and riverbeds.
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