mineral

Carnelian (Tumbled)

Carnelian (variety of Chalcedony, SiO2)

Hardness: 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale. Color: Orange to reddish-brown (caused by iron oxide). Luster: Vitreous to waxy. Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline/cryptocrystalline). Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64.

Hardness: 6
Color: Orange to reddish-brown (caused by iron oxide)
Luster: Vitreous to waxy

Identified July 7, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms primarily in volcanic and sedimentary environments through the deposition of silica from groundwater in cavities of igneous rocks. The reddish tint develops as iron impurities are oxidized, often enhanced by exposure to heat or sunlight.

Uses & applications

Widely used for jewelry (beads, cabochons), ornamental carvings, seals, and as a popular stone for rock tumbling and spiritual collecting.

Geological facts

Ancient Egyptians called carnelian 'the setting sun' and buried it with the dead to protect them on their journey. It was also historically used to make signet rings because hot wax does not stick to it.

Field identification & locations

Look for a translucent to semi-opaque orange or brownish-red stone with a waxy luster. In the field, look for nodules with a smooth, almost soapy feel and consistent coloring when held up to a light source.

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