mineral

Carnelian (Tumbled)

Carnelian (SiO2 with Iron Oxide impurities)

Hardness: 6.5-7 Mohs; Color: Orange, reddish-brown, pinkish-orange; Luster: Waxy to vitreous; Crystal system: Trigonal (microcrystalline); Cleavage: None; Fracture: Conchoidal; Translucent to semi-opaque.

Hardness: 6
Color: Orange, reddish-brown, pinkish-orange
Luster: Waxy to vitreous

Identified July 7, 2026More mineral →

Explore Carnelian (Tumbled) in the encyclopedia →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in volcanic and sedimentary environments through the deposition of silica from groundwater into cavities. Its orange color is caused by hematite (iron oxide) inclusions. Most specimens are from the Recent to Mesozoic eras.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in jewelry making (beads, cabochons), lapidary arts, decorative items, and historical artifacts such as signet rings and amulets.

Geological facts

Carnelian was used widely in ancient Rome and Egypt for seals and jewelry because hot wax does not stick to it. It has been a prized gemstone for over 4,500 years, found in the Royal Tombs of Ur.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its translucent waxy luster and consistent orange-red hue. Commonly found in Brazil, India, Uruguay, Madagascar, and the US. Collectors look for uniform color and lack of heavy inclusions.

Other mineral specimens

See all

Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)

Arenite (SiO2 based)

sedimentary

Schist

Metamorphic

Epidote

Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)

metamorphic

Gypsum (variety Selenite or Alabaster)

Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O)

Mineral

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite

Mineral/Rock

Granite

Granite (Phaneritic intrusive igneous rock)

igneous