mineral

Carnelian (Tumbled)

Carnelian (Chalcedony / Silicon Dioxide, SiO2)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: Orange to reddish-brown; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal microcrystalline); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.58–2.64

Hardness: 6
Color: Orange to reddish-brown
Luster: Vitreous to waxy

Identified July 7, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: Orange to reddish-brown; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal microcrystalline); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.58–2.64

Formation & geological history

Formed through the deposition of silica from groundwater into cavities in igneous and sedimentary rocks. Its reddish-orange color comes from impurities of iron oxide (hematite). Occurs in volcanic rocks and as water-worn pebbles in river beds.

Uses & applications

Popular for lapidary work, jewelry (beads, cabochons), carvings, and metaphysical collections.

Geological facts

In antiquity, carnelian was used for seals and signet rings because hot wax does not stick to it. It has been used as a gemstone for over 4,500 years, dating back to Ancient Egypt and the Indus Valley Civilization.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its uniform translucency and warm orange-red hue. It lacks the distinct banding found in banded agates. Commonly found in Brazil, India, Uruguay, Madagascar, and parts of the United States.