mineral

Carnelian (Tumbled)

Carnelian (SiO2)

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: Orange, red-brown, yellowish-red; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal microcrystalline); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64

Hardness: 6
Color: Orange, red-brown, yellowish-red
Luster: Vitreous to waxy

Identified July 8, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: Orange, red-brown, yellowish-red; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal microcrystalline); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64

Formation & geological history

Formed in volcanic environments as silica-rich water fills cavities in lava. Its red-orange color is caused by iron oxide (hematite) impurities. It can be found in sedimentary deposits as water-worn pebbles.

Uses & applications

Mostly used in jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative carvings, wax seals, and as a popular palm stone for collectors.

Geological facts

Carnelian has been used for over 4,500 years; ancient Romans used it for signet rings because hot wax does not stick to it. It was also highly prized in ancient Egypt.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its translucent to semi-opaque orange-red body and lack of banding (unlike banded agate). Commonly found in Brazil, India, Madagascar, and Uruguay. In the field, look for waxy nodules in basalt or as river-worn pebbles.