mineral

Carnelian

Carnelian (Cryptocrystalline Quartz, SiO2)

Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Orange to reddish-brown; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Microcrystalline; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64.

Hardness: 6
Color: Orange to reddish-brown
Luster: Vitreous to waxy

Identified July 3, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Orange to reddish-brown; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Microcrystalline; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64.

Formation & geological history

Formed via the deposition of silica from groundwater in the cavities of igneous rocks, particularly volcanic lavas. The red tint is caused by iron oxide (hematite) impurities.

Uses & applications

Used extensively in jewelry for beads, cabochons, and intaglios. Also popular as a tumbled stone for collectors and metaphysical practices.

Geological facts

Ancient Egyptians called carnelian "the setting sun." It was historically used for signet rings because hot wax does not stick to it.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its translucent, waxy appearance and orange-red hue. Commonly found in Brazil, India, Uruguay, and Madagascar. Collectors should look for uniform color and high translucency.