mineral
Carnelian
Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: Orange, red-brown, yellowish-red; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline); Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Orange, red-brown, yellowish-red
- Luster
- Vitreous to waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: Orange, red-brown, yellowish-red; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline); Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64
Formation & geological history
Forms as a result of low-temperature silica-rich solutions percolating through cavities in volcanic rocks (geodes) or as secondary deposits in riverbeds.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in jewelry, lapidary carvings, seals, and as a pocket stone for collectors.
Geological facts
Carnelian was used by the ancient Egyptians as a protective stone for the dead and was the first stone in the High Priest's breastplate in biblical times.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its translucent reddish-orange color and lack of banding (unlike banded agate). Commonly found in Brazil, India, Uruguay, and Madagascar.
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Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)
Arenite (SiO2 based)
sedimentary
Schist
Schist
Metamorphic
Epidote
Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)
metamorphic
Gypsum (variety Selenite or Alabaster)
Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O)
Mineral
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite
Mineral/Rock
Granite
Granite (Phaneritic intrusive igneous rock)
igneous