mineral
Carnelian
Chalcedony (SiO₂)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: Reddish-orange to brownish-red; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Structure: Trigonal/Microcrystalline; Cleavage: None; SG: 2.6-2.7
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Reddish-orange to brownish-red
- Luster
- Vitreous to waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: Reddish-orange to brownish-red; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Structure: Trigonal/Microcrystalline; Cleavage: None; SG: 2.6-2.7
Formation & geological history
Formed in low-temperature hydrothermal environments where silica-rich fluids precipitate into cavities in volcanic rocks (geodes or veins).
Uses & applications
Used primarily in jewelry as cabochons, beads, and carved stones. Also popular as a collector's specimen and in lapidary arts.
Geological facts
In antiquity, Carnelian was believed to give courage in battle. It was widely used in ancient Rome and Egypt for signet rings and cylinder seals.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy luster, translucency, and warm red-orange hue. Commonly found in Brazil, India, Madagascar, and Uruguay.
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