mineralish (variety of chalcedony)
Carnelian
Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2 with Hematite impurities)
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: translucent orange to brownish-red; Luster: waxy to vitreous; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Microcrystalline; Cleavage: none; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- translucent orange to brownish-red
- Luster
- waxy to vitreous
Identified More mineralish (variety of chalcedony) →
Explore Carnelian in the encyclopedia →Identify your own rocks.
Get a report just like this from any photo, free.
Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: translucent orange to brownish-red; Luster: waxy to vitreous; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Microcrystalline; Cleavage: none; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64
Formation & geological history
Formed in silica-rich groundwater environments, typically within the cavities or veins of volcanic rocks (basalt/rhyolite) and sedimentary rocks. Its color comes from iron oxide (hematite) impurities.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in jewelry making, cabochons, beads, seal rings, and as a popular pocket stone for collectors. Historically used for amulets and signet rings.
Geological facts
Carnelian was highly prized in ancient Rome and Egypt; it was believed by ancient people to provide protection and courage. It is the orange-red variety of chalcedony.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its translucent waxy appearance and orange-red hue. It lacks the banding found in agate. Commonly found in Brazil, India, Uruguay, and Madagascar.
More like this
