mineralish (variety of chalcedony)

Carnelian

Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2 with Hematite impurities)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: translucent orange to brownish-red; Luster: waxy to vitreous; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Microcrystalline; Cleavage: none; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64

Hardness: 6
Color: translucent orange to brownish-red
Luster: waxy to vitreous

Identified July 1, 2026More mineralish (variety of chalcedony) →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: translucent orange to brownish-red; Luster: waxy to vitreous; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Microcrystalline; Cleavage: none; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64

Formation & geological history

Formed in silica-rich groundwater environments, typically within the cavities or veins of volcanic rocks (basalt/rhyolite) and sedimentary rocks. Its color comes from iron oxide (hematite) impurities.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in jewelry making, cabochons, beads, seal rings, and as a popular pocket stone for collectors. Historically used for amulets and signet rings.

Geological facts

Carnelian was highly prized in ancient Rome and Egypt; it was believed by ancient people to provide protection and courage. It is the orange-red variety of chalcedony.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its translucent waxy appearance and orange-red hue. It lacks the banding found in agate. Commonly found in Brazil, India, Uruguay, and Madagascar.