mineral

Chrysocolla and Azurite on Matrix

Hydrated copper silicate (Cu,Al)2H2Si2O5(OH)4 (Chrysocolla) and Copper carbonate hydroxide Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 (Azurite)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 2.5-4 (Chrysocolla) and 3.5-4 (Azurite). Colors: Cyan, turquoise-green, and deep royal blue. Luster: Vitreous to dull. Crystal structure: Orthorhombic/Monoclinic. Specific Gravity: 2.0-3.8.

Hardness: 2
Luster: Vitreous to dull

Identified March 4, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 2.5-4 (Chrysocolla) and 3.5-4 (Azurite). Colors: Cyan, turquoise-green, and deep royal blue. Luster: Vitreous to dull. Crystal structure: Orthorhombic/Monoclinic. Specific Gravity: 2.0-3.8.

Formation & geological history

Formed in the oxidation zones of copper ore bodies. These secondary minerals precipitate from copper-rich hydrothermal solutions or the weathering of primary copper sulfides like chalcopyrite. Found in arid regions worldwide.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as an ornamental stone, in jewelry (cabochons), and as a minor ore of copper. It is highly valued by mineral collectors for its vibrant contrasting colors.

Geological facts

Chrysocolla was first used by Theophrastus in 315 BCE. Azurite was known as 'mountain blue' in ancient times and was ground up to be used as a pigment in Renaissance paintings, though it often weathered into green malachite over centuries.

Field identification & locations

Identified by the distinct combination of 'robin's egg' blue/green and dark 'navy' blue. Commonly found in Arizona (USA), Namibia, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Avoid cleaning with acids as both minerals will react.