mineral

Chrysocolla

Hydrated copper phyllosilicate (Cu,Al)2H2Si2O5(OH)4·nH2O

Hardness: 2.5-3.5 (can be higher if silicified); Color: Cyan, blue-green, or green; Luster: Vitreous, dull, or earthy; Crystal Structure: Amorphous (usually massive or botryoidal); Specific Gravity: 2.0-2.4.

Hardness: 2
Color: Cyan, blue-green, or green
Luster: Vitreous, dull, or earthy

Identified June 30, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in the oxidation zones of copper ore bodies as a secondary mineral. It precipitates from silica-rich groundwater reacting with copper minerals like malachite or azurite.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used as a minor ore of copper, as a gemstone for jewelry (cabochons), and as a popular specimen for mineral collectors.

Geological facts

Chrysocolla was used as a soldering agent for gold by ancient Greeks, which is where its name originates (chrysos - gold, kolla - glue). It is often found intergrown with quartz, chalcedony, or malachite.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct cyan color, low hardness, and its tendency to stick to the tongue due to its high water content and porosity. Commonly found in Arizona (USA), Chile, and the DRC.

Other mineral specimens

See all

Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)

Arenite (SiO2 based)

sedimentary

Schist

Metamorphic

Epidote

Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)

metamorphic

Gypsum (variety Selenite or Alabaster)

Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O)

Mineral

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite

Mineral/Rock

Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)

Gneiss (specifically a banded variety often found as a river rock)

Metamorphic Rock