sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2, or Silicon Dioxide)
Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale, though varies by cementation); Color: ranges from tan, brown, yellow, red, to grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (usually quartz grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2–2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (on Mohs scale, though varies by cementation)
- Color
- ranges from tan, brown, yellow, red, to grey
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale, though varies by cementation); Color: ranges from tan, brown, yellow, red, to grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (usually quartz grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2–2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and lithification (compaction and cementation) of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. Usually deposited in environments like deserts, river deltas, or beaches. Ages can span from the Precambrian to the Cenozoic era.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction as a building stone (dimension stone), flagstone for paving, for making grindstones, and in the glass industry if it has high quartz purity.
Geological facts
Sandstone is one of the most common types of sedimentary rock and often contains important aquifers or stores of petroleum. The famous 'The Wave' formation in Arizona is a stunning example of cross-bedded sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. Often displays bedding planes or layers. It is ubiquitous in mountainous and coastal regions globally; look for exposed cliffs or riverbanks.
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