mineral
Citrine Quartz
SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide with Iron impurities)
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: pale yellow to amber gold, Luster: Vitreous, Crystal Structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal, Cleavage: None (Conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 2.65
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale), Color: pale yellow to amber gold, Luster: Vitreous, Crystal Structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal, Cleavage: None (Conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks, primarily in pegmatites or hydrothermal veins; most commercial citrine is created by heat-treating amethyst or smoky quartz.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in the jewelry industry for rings and necklaces, as a collector specimen, and in spiritual/healing practices as the 'Success Stone'.
Geological facts
Citrine is the yellow-to-orange variety of quartz; natural citrine is quite rare compared to heat-treated varieties, which often exhibit a more reddish or opaque white base tone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its hardness (scratches glass) and lack of cleavage. Found commonly in Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia. Collectors look for clarity and consistent honey-like saturation.
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Mineral
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Mineral/Rock
Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)
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