gemstone
Citrine Quartz
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron impurities
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: pale yellow to brownish orange; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal system: Hexagonal/Trigonal; Specific gravity: 2.65.
- Hardness
- 7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- pale yellow to brownish orange
- Luster
- Vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: pale yellow to brownish orange; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal system: Hexagonal/Trigonal; Specific gravity: 2.65.
Formation & geological history
Formed in igneous or metamorphic rocks through the natural irradiation of quartz or by heating of amethyst or smoky quartz in hydrothermal veins.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry such as rings, necklaces, and earrings; also popular as a 'success stone' in metaphysical collections.
Geological facts
Most commercial citrine is actually heat-treated amethyst or smoky quartz. Natural citrine is rare and typically has a much paler yellow color compared to reddish-orange treated versions.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its hardness (scratches glass) and lack of cleavage. Common sources include Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia. Collectors look for clarity and natural color saturation.
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