gemstone
Citrine
Silicon dioxide (Quartz variety), SiO2
Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, yellow to orange-brown color, vitreous luster, trigonal crystal system, conchoidal fracture with no true cleavage, specific gravity of 2.65
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Physical properties
Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, yellow to orange-brown color, vitreous luster, trigonal crystal system, conchoidal fracture with no true cleavage, specific gravity of 2.65
Formation & geological history
Forms naturally through the low-temperature hydrothermal process or the thermal metamorphism of amethyst, often found in igneous pegmatites and metamorphic rocks
Uses & applications
Widely used in fine jewelry, rings, necklaces, and as a decorative collector mineral
Geological facts
Natural citrine is relatively rare, and much of the commercial citrine on the market is actually heat-treated amethyst or smoky quartz
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinct yellow-to-orange color and quartz properties; commonly sourced from Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia
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