metamorphic (man-made/anthropogenic)
Clay Brick
Ceramic structural unit (Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O as precursor)
Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs); Color: Red/terracotta due to iron oxide; Luster: Dull/earthy; Structure: Microcrystalline/vitrified; Cleavage: None
- Hardness
- 5-6 (Mohs)
- Color
- Red/terracotta due to iron oxide
- Luster
- Dull/earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs); Color: Red/terracotta due to iron oxide; Luster: Dull/earthy; Structure: Microcrystalline/vitrified; Cleavage: None
Formation & geological history
Formed through the high-temperature firing (kilning) of alluvial clays and shales. While the raw materials are millions of years old, the 'rock' is created in 24-48 hours via heat-induced vitrification.
Uses & applications
Primary load-bearing and decorative material in construction, architecture, and civil engineering.
Geological facts
Bricks are one of the oldest known building materials, dating back to 7000 BC. The red color is caused by the oxidation of iron minerals during the firing process, similar to the formation of metamorphic rocks.
Field identification & locations
Identified by uniform rectangular shapes, mortar joints, and a porous, gritty texture. Common in urban environments. Collectors rarely value modern bricks, though 'historic' or 'branded' antique bricks (brickbats) are a niche hobby.
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