sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (Sedimentary rock composed of sand-sized grains, primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (depending on cementation); Color: Gray, tan, or brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic with visible sand grains; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.0-2.6
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale (depending on cementation)
- Color
- Gray, tan, or brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (depending on cementation); Color: Gray, tan, or brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic with visible sand grains; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.0-2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. The grains are typically cemented together by silica, calcium carbonate, or iron oxide over millions of years in environments like beaches, deserts, or river beds.
Uses & applications
Widely used as a construction material (dimension stone) for buildings and paving, as a source of high-purity silica for glassmaking, and as a reservoir rock in the petroleum industry for oil and natural gas.
Geological facts
Sandstone is one of the most common types of sedimentary rock and makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous landmarks like Petra in Jordan and the Grand Canyon are primarily composed of various sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible grains. It can be found globally in sedimentary basins. Collectors often look for 'Picture Sandstone' or specimens with unique bedding planes or fossil inclusions.
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