sedimentary
Sandstone (likely Quartzose)
Clastic sedimentary rock (SiO2 primary)
Hardness: 6-7 (if dominated by quartz); Color: Tan, grey, brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic/granular texture with visible sand grains; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (if dominated by quartz)
- Color
- Tan, grey, brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (if dominated by quartz); Color: Tan, grey, brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic/granular texture with visible sand grains; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and lithification (cementation) of sand-sized grains, typically deposited in rivers, beaches, or deserts. This specimen shows significant rounding, suggesting a fluvial or marine high-energy environment.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in construction as building stone, road base, and aggregate. High-purity quartz sandstones are used in glass making and hydraulic fracturing (frac sand).
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for roughly 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The iconic 'Antelope Canyon' and 'The Wave' in Arizona are made of Jurassic-age Navajo Sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'sandpaper' feel and visible grains. It is commonly found in riverbeds, cliffs, and coastal regions. It is helpful for collectors to observe the grain size and cement type (silica vs. calcite).
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