sedimentary
Coal (Anthracite)
Anthracite coal (Carbon C)
Hardness: 2.5-3.0 Mohs; Color: Black or dark grey; Luster: Submetallic or vitreous; Structure: Amorphous (non-crystalline); Specific Gravity: 1.3-1.8.
- Hardness
- 2
- Color
- Black or dark grey
- Luster
- Submetallic or vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.5-3.0 Mohs; Color: Black or dark grey; Luster: Submetallic or vitreous; Structure: Amorphous (non-crystalline); Specific Gravity: 1.3-1.8.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the remains of ancient plants buried in swampy environments under high pressure and heat over millions of years (Carboniferous period).
Uses & applications
Primarily used as a high-grade fuel for heating and power generation; historically used for smelting iron and in water filtration.
Geological facts
Anthracite has the highest carbon content (86-97%) of all coal types and burns with the least amount of smoke and highest heat.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its deep black color, tendency to not soil fingers like softer coal, and its hard, brittle texture. Common in Pennsylvania, USA, and Wales, UK.
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