sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (on individual grains); Color: Brown, tan, reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs (on individual grains)
- Color
- Brown, tan, reddish-brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (on individual grains); Color: Brown, tan, reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (lithification). Usually found in desert, river, or coastal environments spanning various geological eras from Precambrian to Cenozoic.
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction for building stone, pavers, and as an ornamental architectural material. High-purity silica sandstone is used in glass manufacturing.
Geological facts
Sandstone can preserve fossil footprints and ripple marks from ancient water bodies; it is also a major reservoir for groundwater and petroleum.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty 'sandpaper' feel when rubbed. Found worldwide in canyons, cliffs, and creek beds. Common in the Colorado Plateau, USA.
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