sedimentary (artificial)
Asphalt Concrete
Bituminous Concrete
Hardness: Variable based on binder but generally aggregate-limited (Mohs 6-7 for gravel); Color: Dark grey to black; Luster: Dull/Matte; Structure: Clastic (composite of aggregate and binder); Specific gravity: 2.3-2.4
- Color
- Dark grey to black
- Luster
- Dull/Matte
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Physical properties
Hardness: Variable based on binder but generally aggregate-limited (Mohs 6-7 for gravel); Color: Dark grey to black; Luster: Dull/Matte; Structure: Clastic (composite of aggregate and binder); Specific gravity: 2.3-2.4
Formation & geological history
Man-made via the combination of mineral aggregates (crushed stone, sand, or gravel) with a petroleum-based binder (bitumen) at high temperatures. Modeled after sedimentary conglomerates.
Uses & applications
Primary use is in infrastructure for road construction, pavement, parking lots, and walkways. Providing a durable, weather-resistant surface for transportation.
Geological facts
Asphalt is 100% recyclable and is the most recycled material in the world. Natural asphalt deposits, like the La Brea Tar Pits, have existed for millions of years, but modern road asphalt is an engineered product.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its dark, porous-looking surface and the presence of small, multicolored pebbles (aggregate) bonded by a black matrix. Commonly found in urban environments. Collectability is nil as it is an industrial construction material.
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