sedimentary
Sandstone (Quartz Arenite)
Sandstone (Chemical formula: primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (grains); Color: Cream, tan, buff, or light brown; Luster: Dull (earthy); Crystal structure: Granular/clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2–2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale (grains)
- Color
- Cream, tan, buff, or light brown
- Luster
- Dull (earthy)
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (grains); Color: Cream, tan, buff, or light brown; Luster: Dull (earthy); Crystal structure: Granular/clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2–2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed by the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Usually deposited in riverbeds, deserts, or coastal environments. Geological age can range from Precambrian to Recent.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, grit for sharpening tools, aggregate in construction, and in glass manufacturing if the quartz content is high.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous 'Red Rocks' of the American Southwest and the ancient city of Petra are both carved from sandstone formations.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible bedding planes. Common in sedimentary basins, river banks, and cliffs. Collectors look for unique banding or fossil inclusions.
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