sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3 cementation)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, reddish-orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Brown, tan, reddish-orange
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, reddish-orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments, typically in riverbeds, deserts, or coastal environments. This specimen shows iron-oxide staining (ferruginous), suggesting formation in an oxygen-rich environment.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in construction as a building material, paving, and occasionally for primitive tool sharpening or artistic carvings.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rock formations in Sedona, Arizona and the Grand Canyon are composed of thick layers of ferruginous sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty 'sandpaper' feel and visible grains. It is extremely common worldwide in sedimentary basins and along historical river paths.
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