gemstone
Diamond (Cluster Ring)
Carbon (C)
Hardness: 10 on the Mohs scale, Color: Colorless to yellow-brown, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric (cubic), Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.51-3.53
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Physical properties
Hardness: 10 on the Mohs scale, Color: Colorless to yellow-brown, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric (cubic), Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.51-3.53
Formation & geological history
Formed under high pressure and temperature conditions in the Earth's mantle, typically at depths of 150 to 250 kilometers, and brought to the surface via deep-source volcanic eruptions (kimberlite and lamproite pipes) over hundreds of millions to billions of years ago.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in fine jewelry (rings, necklaces, earrings) and in industrial applications due to extreme hardness (cutting, drilling, grinding tools).
Geological facts
Diamond is the hardest known natural material on Earth and is composed entirely of carbon atoms arranged in a crystal lattice.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its supreme hardness, high refractive index, and adamantine luster. Diamonds are commonly sourced from mines in Africa, Russia, Canada, and Australia.
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