mineral

Diamond (Cut Specimen)

Diamond (pure carbon, C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless to faint yellow/brown, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric (cubic), Cleavage: Perfect in four directions, Specific Gravity: 3.5-3.53

Identified June 28, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless to faint yellow/brown, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric (cubic), Cleavage: Perfect in four directions, Specific Gravity: 3.5-3.53

Formation & geological history

Formed under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions in the Earth's mantle, approximately 100 miles below the surface. They are brought to the surface by kimberlite and lamproite pipes. Most diamonds are 1 to 3 billion years old.

Uses & applications

Used extensively in jewelry as gemstones. Industrial uses include cutting, drilling, and grinding tools due to extreme hardness. Also used in high-temp electronics and scientific research.

Geological facts

Diamonds are the hardest known natural substance. The largest gem-quality diamond ever found was the Cullinan, weighing 3,106 carats. They are composed of a single element: Carbon.

Field identification & locations

Identify by extreme hardness (scratches all other materials), adamantine luster, and 'fire' (dispersion). In the field, look for octahedral crystals within kimberlite rock or alluvial deposits.