igneous
Diamond in Kimberlite
Diamond (C in Kimberlite)
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless to faint yellow/brown, Luster: Adamant-greasy (uncut), Crystal structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral (often octahedral), Specific Gravity: 3.51-3.53
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Physical properties
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless to faint yellow/brown, Luster: Adamant-greasy (uncut), Crystal structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral (often octahedral), Specific Gravity: 3.51-3.53
Formation & geological history
Formed at high pressure and temperature in the Earth's mantle, 150-250km deep, and brought to the surface by supersonic volcanic eruptions called kimberlite pipes.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in high-end jewelry (gemstones) and industrially as abrasives for cutting and drilling due to extreme hardness.
Geological facts
Diamonds are the hardest natural substance known to man. Rare 'fancy' colored diamonds are the most valuable objects by weight on the planet.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by looking for distinct octahedral shapes and iridescent reflections (fire) within coarse-grained, dark peridotite or kimberlite matrix. Found in South Africa, Russia, Canada, and Australia.
