mineral
Diamond (or Diamond Simulant like Cubic Zirconia)
Carbon (C) - if Diamond; Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) - if Cubic Zirconia
If Diamond: Hardness 10 (Mohs), colorless to various colors, adamantine luster, isometric crystal structure, perfect cleavage in 4 directions. If Cubic Zirconia: Hardness 8-8.5, typically colorless, vitreous to sub-adamantine luster.
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Physical properties
If Diamond: Hardness 10 (Mohs), colorless to various colors, adamantine luster, isometric crystal structure, perfect cleavage in 4 directions. If Cubic Zirconia: Hardness 8-8.5, typically colorless, vitreous to sub-adamantine luster.
Formation & geological history
Diamonds are formed deep within the Earth's mantle under extreme heat and pressure, typically 1 to 3 billion years ago. They are brought to the surface by deep-source volcanic eruptions. Cubic Zirconia is typically lab-created.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in jewelry due to its brilliance and durability. Industrial applications include cutting, grinding, and drilling tools.
Geological facts
Diamond is the hardest known natural material. Only a diamond can scratch another diamond.
Field identification & locations
Identify natural diamond by thermal conductivity, high refractive index, and specific gravity. Differentiating from simulants often requires gemological instruments.
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Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)
Arenite (SiO2 based)
sedimentary
Schist
Schist
Metamorphic
Epidote
Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)
metamorphic
Gypsum (variety Selenite or Alabaster)
Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O)
Mineral
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite
Mineral/Rock
Granite
Granite (Phaneritic intrusive igneous rock)
igneous