mineral

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (in this specimen), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Cubic, Cleavage: Octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.52

Identified June 28, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (in this specimen), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Cubic, Cleavage: Octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.52

Formation & geological history

Formed under extreme pressure and temperature in the Earth’s mantle, approximately 90-120 miles deep, and transported to the surface by kimberlite volcanic eruptions. Ages range from 1 to 3.5 billion years.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in high-end jewelry (rings, earrings, necklaces) and industrial applications including cutting, grinding, and drilling due to extreme hardness.

Geological facts

Diamond is the hardest natural substance on Earth. While often colorless, impurities can create blue, yellow, or pink 'fancy' diamonds. They are the birthstone for April.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its high brilliance (refractive index), extreme hardness, and thermal conductivity. Found in kimberlite pipes or secondary alluvial deposits in locations like Russia, Botswana, and Canada.