gemstone

Diamond

Native Carbon (C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale); Color: Colorless (in this specimen); Luster: Adamantine; Crystal Structure: Isometric (Cubic); Cleavage: Perfect octahedral; Specific Gravity: 3.51-3.53

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale)
Color: Colorless (in this specimen)
Luster: Adamantine

Identified July 16, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale); Color: Colorless (in this specimen); Luster: Adamantine; Crystal Structure: Isometric (Cubic); Cleavage: Perfect octahedral; Specific Gravity: 3.51-3.53

Formation & geological history

Formed at extremely high pressures and temperatures in the Earth's mantle (140-190 km deep). Transported to the surface by deep-origin volcanic eruptions called kimberlites. Age typically range from 1 to 3.5 billion years.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in high-end jewelry (engagement rings) and in industry for cutting, grinding, and drilling due to its extreme hardness.

Geological facts

Diamond is the hardest naturally occurring material on Earth. The name is derived from the Greek word 'adamas', meaning unbreakable. Its brilliance is due to its high refractive index and dispersion.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its high refractive index (brilliance), fire (dispersion), and inability to be scratched by any other material. Commonly found in South Africa, Russia, Canada, and Botswana.