gemstone
Diamond
C (Carbon)
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal structure: Cubic, Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific gravity: 3.52
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Physical properties
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal structure: Cubic, Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific gravity: 3.52
Formation & geological history
Formed deep within the Earth's mantle under extreme high temperature and pressure, brought to the surface by deep-source volcanic eruptions (kimberlites and lamproites).
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry as a gemstone, but also used extensively in industry for cutting, drilling, and grinding tools due to its extreme hardness.
Geological facts
The hardest known natural material on Earth. The name 'diamond' is derived from the ancient Greek word 'adamas', meaning 'unbreakable' or 'invincible'.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its extreme hardness, brilliant adamantine luster, and specific gravity. Often found in kimberlite pipes or alluvial deposits.
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Cubic Zirconia (simulant) or Diamond
ZrO2 (Cubic Zirconia) or C (Diamond)
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Ammolite
Ammolite (Biogenic Aragonite with trace elements; fossils of Placenticeras meeki and Placenticeras intercalare)
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Cubic Zirconia (or possibly Diamond)
Zirconium dioxide (or Carbon)
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Red Jasper
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite inclusions
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Faceted Gemstone
Unknown transparent mineral, possibly Diamond (C), Cubic Zirconia (ZrO2), Quartz (SiO2), or Glass
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Milky Quartz
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
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