gemstone
Diamond
C (Carbon)
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Clear, white, yellow, brown, rarely pink, blue, green, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal structure: Isometric, Cleavage: Perfect in four directions (octahedral), Specific gravity: 3.5-3.53
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Physical properties
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Clear, white, yellow, brown, rarely pink, blue, green, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal structure: Isometric, Cleavage: Perfect in four directions (octahedral), Specific gravity: 3.5-3.53
Formation & geological history
Formed deep within the Earth's mantle under extreme pressure and temperature conditions, brought to the surface by deep-source volcanic eruptions (kimberlites and lamproites). Geological age can range from 1 to 3.5 billion years.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry for its brilliance and durability. Industrial applications include cutting, grinding, and drilling tools due to its extreme hardness.
Geological facts
The hardest known natural substance. The Hope Diamond is one of the most famous diamonds, known for its deep blue color and reputed curse.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its extreme hardness (can scratch corundum), high refractive index, and distinctive adamantine luster. Common locations include Africa, Russia, Canada, and Australia.
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