gemstone
Diamond
C
Hardness 10, typically colorless but can be various colors, adamantine luster, isometric crystal structure, perfect cleavage, specific gravity 3.52
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Physical properties
Hardness 10, typically colorless but can be various colors, adamantine luster, isometric crystal structure, perfect cleavage, specific gravity 3.52
Formation & geological history
Formed under high pressure and temperature deep within the Earth's mantle and brought to the surface by deep-source volcanic eruptions (kimberlites and lamproites)
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry as a gemstone, but also used industrially for cutting, grinding, and polishing tools due to its extreme hardness
Geological facts
Diamond is the hardest known natural material. It is composed of pure carbon arranged in a highly ordered crystal lattice.
Field identification & locations
Can be identified by its extreme hardness, brilliant luster, and high refractive index. Often found in alluvial deposits or kimberlite pipes.
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Other gemstone specimens
Cubic Zirconia (simulant) or Diamond
ZrO2 (Cubic Zirconia) or C (Diamond)
gemstone
Ammolite
Ammolite (Biogenic Aragonite with trace elements; fossils of Placenticeras meeki and Placenticeras intercalare)
mineral
Cubic Zirconia (or possibly Diamond)
Zirconium dioxide (or Carbon)
gemstone
Red Jasper
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite inclusions
sedimentary
Faceted Gemstone
Unknown transparent mineral, possibly Diamond (C), Cubic Zirconia (ZrO2), Quartz (SiO2), or Glass
gemstone
Milky Quartz
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
mineral