mineral
Diamond
Carbon (C)
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless/White, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal structure: Isometric-Hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific gravity: 3.52
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Physical properties
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless/White, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal structure: Isometric-Hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific gravity: 3.52
Formation & geological history
Formed under high temperature and pressure deep within the Earth's mantle (100+ miles below ground) over billions of years, then brought to the surface by volcanic eruptions (kimberlite pipes).
Uses & applications
Widely used as high-end jewelry (engagement rings), industrial abrasives, cutting tools, and high-performance electronics due to thermal conductivity.
Geological facts
Diamond is the hardest naturally occurring substance on Earth. Most natural diamonds are between 1 billion and 3.5 billion years old.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its extreme hardness (scratches all other materials), brilliant luster, and high refractive index. Often found in kimberlite pipes or alluvial deposits.
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