mineral
Diamond
Carbon (C)
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (clear), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal structure: Cubic (Isometric), Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific gravity: 3.52
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Physical properties
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (clear), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal structure: Cubic (Isometric), Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific gravity: 3.52
Formation & geological history
Formed under extreme pressure and heat deep within the Earth's mantle (over 100 miles deep) billions of years ago, then brought to the surface via kimberlite volcanic eruptions.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in jewelry for high-end engagement rings and fashion pieces. Also vital in industrial applications for cutting, grinding, and drilling due to extreme hardness.
Geological facts
Diamond is the hardest known natural substance on Earth. Its name is derived from the Greek word 'adamas', meaning invincible or indestructible.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its high brilliance, fire (dispersion of light), and ability to scratch any other material. Commonly found in South Africa, Russia, Botswana, and Canada. Professionals use a thermal conductivity tester to distinguish it from fakes.
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