gemstone
Diamond
C (Carbon)
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (typically in jewelry), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal structure: Isometric, Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific gravity: 3.5-3.53
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Physical properties
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (typically in jewelry), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal structure: Isometric, Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific gravity: 3.5-3.53
Formation & geological history
Formed at high temperatures and pressures deep within the Earth's mantle over billions of years. Brought to the surface by explosive volcanic eruptions (kimberlite and lamproite pipes).
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry due to its brilliance and durability. Also widely used in industry for cutting, drilling, and grinding tools due to its extreme hardness.
Geological facts
Diamond is the hardest known naturally occurring substance. The largest gem-quality diamond ever found is the Cullinan Diamond.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its extreme hardness (can scratch all other minerals), high refractive index, and adamantine luster. Common locations include Russia, Botswana, Canada, and Australia. Collectors should note clarity, cut, color, and carat weight.
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ZrO2 (Cubic Zirconia) or C (Diamond)
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Cubic Zirconia (or possibly Diamond)
Zirconium dioxide (or Carbon)
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Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite inclusions
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Unknown transparent mineral, possibly Diamond (C), Cubic Zirconia (ZrO2), Quartz (SiO2), or Glass
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