gemstone
Diamond
Carbon (C)
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (in this specimen), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric (Cubic), Cleavage: Perfect in four directions, Specific Gravity: 3.52
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Physical properties
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (in this specimen), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric (Cubic), Cleavage: Perfect in four directions, Specific Gravity: 3.52
Formation & geological history
Formed under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions in Earth's mantle, approximately 100 miles below the surface, and brought to the surface by kimberlite eruptions.
Uses & applications
Primary use in high-end jewelry (engagement rings) and industrial applications for cutting, grinding, and drilling due to its extreme hardness.
Geological facts
Diamonds are the hardest natural substance on Earth. Most natural diamonds are between 1 billion and 3.5 billion years old.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its high refractive index (brilliance) and fire (dispersion). Field identification is difficult without specialized tools like a thermal conductivity probe. Commonly mined in Russia, Botswana, Canada, and South Africa.
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ZrO2 (Cubic Zirconia) or C (Diamond)
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Cubic Zirconia (or possibly Diamond)
Zirconium dioxide (or Carbon)
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Red Jasper
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite inclusions
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Faceted Gemstone
Unknown transparent mineral, possibly Diamond (C), Cubic Zirconia (ZrO2), Quartz (SiO2), or Glass
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