mineral
Diamond
Carbon (C)
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless to yellow/brown/blue, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.52
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Physical properties
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless to yellow/brown/blue, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.52
Formation & geological history
Formed under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions deep within the Earth's mantle, then brought to the surface by kimberlite eruptions.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in jewelry (rings, earrings, necklaces), and industrially as an abrasive for cutting, drilling, and grinding because of its extreme hardness.
Geological facts
Diamonds are the hardest known natural substance. The most famous specimen is the Hope Diamond. The age of most diamonds is between 1 billion and 3.5 billion years.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its extreme hardness (scratches all other minerals), high refractive index, and specific gravity. Commonly found in kimberlite pipes or alluvial deposits.
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