Sandstone (Red Sandstone)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: Reddish-brown to tan, Luster: Dull or earthy, Crystal structure: Clastic (granular texture), Cleavage: None, Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in high-energy environments like deserts, river deltas, or beaches. The red color suggests deposition in an oxygen-rich terrestrial environment where iron oxides (hematite) coated the grains.

Commonly used as a building material, paving stone, and in the manufacturing of glass. Also used for grindstones and in landscaping.

Famous structures built with red sandstone include the city of Petra in Jordan and many iconic American Southwest landmarks like the monuments in Sedona, Arizona.

Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible sand grains. It is commonly found in basins or arid regions where ancient sedimentary layers are exposed.