sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 based)

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or grayish; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs
Color: Tan, brown, or grayish
Luster: Dull or earthy

Identified June 18, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or grayish; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed by the accumulation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments, cemented together by silica, calcium carbonate, or iron oxide over millions of years in environments like deserts, river deltas, or beaches.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in construction for building blocks, paving, and crushing for road base; also used in glass manufacturing if silica content is high.

Geological facts

Sandstone is one of the most common types of sedimentary rock and can preserve fossils and sedimentary structures like ripple marks or cross-bedding from ancient environments.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible grains. Found globally in sedimentary basins. Collectors often look for colorful banding (Liesegang rings) or fossils.