sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, or light grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grain-based); Cleavage: None (breaks across grains); Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Tan, brown, or light grey
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, or light grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grain-based); Cleavage: None (breaks across grains); Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (clasts) the size of sand. They typically form in river beds, beaches, or desert areas through lithification over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used widely as a construction material (dimension stone), in the manufacture of glass, for road base, and as a natural reservoir for groundwater and petroleum.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% to 25% of all sedimentary rocks in the Earth's crust. It is often responsible for iconic landscape features like the Grand Canyon.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering (bedding). Commonly found in sedimentary basins and arid regions.
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