Rock Identifier
Granite (Phaneritic Igneous Rock (composed primarily of Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica)) — igneous
igneous

Granite

Phaneritic Igneous Rock (composed primarily of Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica)

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically mottled grey, white, pink, or red; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarsegrained, visible crystals); Cleavage: absent in the rock itself, though component minerals like mica have perfect cleavage; Specific Gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.

Hardness
6-7 on Mohs scale
Color
typically mottled grey, white, pink, or red
Luster
Vitreous to dull
Identified More igneous →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically mottled grey, white, pink, or red; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarsegrained, visible crystals); Cleavage: absent in the rock itself, though component minerals like mica have perfect cleavage; Specific Gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.

Formation & geological history

Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface (intrusive). The large crystals indicate a cooling period of millions of years. It is a major component of continental crust across many geological ages, particularly the Precambrian.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, and monuments. It is also a popular specimen for educational geology kits.

Geological facts

Granite is the most common igneous rock found on Earth's continents. The iconic peaks of Yosemite National Park and Mount Rushmore are carved from massive granite formations.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its 'salt and pepper' appearance and large, interlocking crystals of different colors (grey/clear quartz, white/pink feldspar, and black mica). It is found globally in mountain ranges and continental shields.

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