sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brownish-grey, or reddish; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Tan, brownish-grey, or reddish
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brownish-grey, or reddish; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (clasts). Typically forms in desert, river, or coastal environments over millions of years through lithification.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, in the manufacture of glass (if high quartz content), as a reservoir rock for oil and gas, and for landscaping.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous formations include the Grand Canyon and Petra in Jordan, which is carved entirely into sandstone cliffs.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layers or bedding planes. It can be found globally in outcrop exposures, particularly in arid regions.
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