sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (SiO2 based with mineral cement)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (grains), color: tan, brown, or buff due to iron oxides; luster: dull/earthy; crystal structure: clastic texture with visible sand-sized grains; cleavage: none; specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Color
- tan, brown, or buff due to iron oxides
- Luster
- dull/earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (grains), color: tan, brown, or buff due to iron oxides; luster: dull/earthy; crystal structure: clastic texture with visible sand-sized grains; cleavage: none; specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral particles (usually quartz or feldspar). These sediments are typically deposited by water, wind, or ice in environments like riverbeds, deserts, or coastal areas over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a construction material (dimension stone), in glass making (if high silica), and for road base or decorative landscaping rocks.
Geological facts
Sandstone is one of the most common types of sedimentary rock and often contains fossils or cross-bedding structures that reveal the direction of ancient water currents.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and the visibility of tiny grains. It is extremely common worldwide across all continents. Collectors should look for unique layering or fossils within the matrix.
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