sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Hardness: 6.5–7 (Mohs scale); Color: tan, yellow, or buff; Luster: dull/earthy; Crystal structure: clastic/granular texture with visible sand grains (0.0625 to 2 mm); Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.2–2.8.

Hardness: 6
Color: tan, yellow, or buff
Luster: dull/earthy

Identified March 7, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Typically deposited in deserts (aeolian), riverbeds (fluvial), or coastal beaches. Lithification occurs through compaction and cementation by silica, calcium carbonate, or iron oxide.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in construction as a building stone (dimension stone), flagstone for paving, and in the production of glass (if high silica content) and abrasive materials.

Geological facts

Sandstone accounts for roughly 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. It is a major reservoir for groundwater, oil, and natural gas due to its high porosity and permeability.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its sandpaper-like feel and visible grains that do not fizz with acid (unless a calcitic cement is present). It is found globally, with famous formations like the Navajo Sandstone in the USA. Collectors look for unique banding (wonderstone) or fossil inclusions.