mineral

Earthy Hematite / Goethite Surface

Iron Oxide (Fe2O3 – α-FeO(OH))

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 5-6.5 (hematite) to 5-5.5 (goethite); Color: Reddish-brown to earthy red; Luster: Submetallic to dull; Structure: Hexagonal or Orthorhombic; Cleavage: None/Indistinct.

Hardness: 5-6
Color: Reddish-brown to earthy red
Luster: Submetallic to dull

Identified July 5, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5-6.5 (hematite) to 5-5.5 (goethite); Color: Reddish-brown to earthy red; Luster: Submetallic to dull; Structure: Hexagonal or Orthorhombic; Cleavage: None/Indistinct.

Formation & geological history

Forms through the hydrothermal alteration of iron ores or as a secondary mineral through the weathering and oxidation of iron-rich rocks in soil horizons and iron-rich environments.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron; also used as a natural pigment (ochre) in paints, art, and cosmetics. Polished varieties are used in jewelry.

Geological facts

Iron oxides like hematite have been used by humans for over 40,000 years, notably in the Lascaux cave paintings. It often forms 'gossans' or iron hats over deeper ore deposits.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its characteristic reddish-brown streak on a porcelain plate and its high density. Common in weathered mining outcrops and iron-rich soils globally.