mineral
Emerald in Matrix
Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities
Hardness: 7.5-8.0; Color: Vivid green to bluish green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Poor/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78
- Hardness
- 7
- Color
- Vivid green to bluish green
- Luster
- Vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7.5-8.0; Color: Vivid green to bluish green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Poor/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78
Formation & geological history
Formed in hydrothermal veins or pegmatites where beryllium-rich fluids react with chromium-rich host rocks. Most famously found in Colombian sedimentary-basinal deposits and Brazilian/African metamorphic schist deposits.
Uses & applications
Primarily used as a gemstone in high-end jewelry; industrial use is limited due to high value and synthetic alternatives.
Geological facts
Emerald is one of the 'Big Four' precious gemstones. The presence of chromium or vanadium is what gives it the signature green color compared to other beryl varieties like aquamarine.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its distinctive 'grass-green' hue and hexagonal crystal cross-section. Field identification often looks for the green mineral embedded in a darker schist or white quartz matrix.
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Mineral
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Mineral/Rock
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