gemstone

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Vivid green to bluish-green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal system: Hexagonal; Specific gravity: 2.67-2.78; Often contains characteristic 'jardin' inclusions.

Hardness: 7
Color: Vivid green to bluish-green
Luster: Vitreous

Identified July 13, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Vivid green to bluish-green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal system: Hexagonal; Specific gravity: 2.67-2.78; Often contains characteristic 'jardin' inclusions.

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins or pegmatites where beryllium is present in contact with chromium-bearing rocks. Most deposits are found in metamorphic rocks like schist or sedimentary rocks like black shale.

Uses & applications

Primary use is in high-end jewelry as one of the 'Big Four' precious gemstones. Low-grade specimens are highly sought after by mineral collectors.

Geological facts

Emeralds are the birthstone for May. The green color is specifically caused by trace amounts of chromium or sometimes vanadium. They are typically more included than other gemstones, and perfectly clean natural specimens are extremely rare.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its unique green hue and hexagonal crystal structure. Key locations include Colombia, Brazil, and Zambia. Collectors look for clarity and intensity of color; air bubbles often indicate synthetic or glass imitations.

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