gemstone
Emerald
Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18 with Chromium/Vanadium impurities)
Hardness: 7.5-8.0 (Mohs); Color: Vivid green to bluish green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal system: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Poor
- Hardness
- 7
- Color
- Vivid green to bluish green
- Luster
- Vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7.5-8.0 (Mohs); Color: Vivid green to bluish green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal system: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Poor
Formation & geological history
Formed in hydrothermal veins or pegmatites where beryllium-rich fluids interact with chromium or vanadium-rich rocks (metamorphism). Found in igneous and metamorphic environments.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in high-end jewelry (rings, necklaces, earrings) and as a highly sought-after investment-grade collector's gemstone.
Geological facts
Emeralds are one of the 'Big Three' colored gemstones. Unlike many other gems, inclusions (called 'jardin' or garden) are expected and can actually prove the stone's natural origin.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its rich green color and characteristic inclusions. Look for 'silk' or internal fractures. Professional grading for clarity and color saturation is essential for valuation.
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