gemstone

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Vivid green to bluish green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal system: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Poor/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78

Hardness: 7
Color: Vivid green to bluish green
Luster: Vitreous

Identified July 4, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Vivid green to bluish green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal system: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Poor/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78

Formation & geological history

Emeralds are typically found in hydrothermal veins or at the contact between granitic pegmatites and metamorphic rocks (schists). Formation requires rare geological conditions where beryllium meets chromium or vanadium.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a precious gemstone in jewelry. Low-quality specimens are kept as mineral samples for collectors.

Geological facts

Emerald is one of the four traditional 'precious' stones alongside Diamond, Ruby, and Sapphire. The most famous emeralds come from the Muzo and Chivor mines in Colombia.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its distinct green color and often present 'jardin' (internal inclusions). In the field, look for hexagonal prismatic crystals in mica schists or calcite veins. Common in Colombia, Brazil, Zambia, and Ethiopia.