gemstone
Emerald
Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) with Chromium/Vanadium impurities
Hardness: 7.5-8.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Vivid green to bluish green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal system: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Poor/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78
- Hardness
- 7
- Color
- Vivid green to bluish green
- Luster
- Vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7.5-8.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Vivid green to bluish green; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal system: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Poor/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78
Formation & geological history
Emeralds are typically found in hydrothermal veins or at the contact between granitic pegmatites and metamorphic rocks (schists). Formation requires rare geological conditions where beryllium meets chromium or vanadium.
Uses & applications
Primarily used as a precious gemstone in jewelry. Low-quality specimens are kept as mineral samples for collectors.
Geological facts
Emerald is one of the four traditional 'precious' stones alongside Diamond, Ruby, and Sapphire. The most famous emeralds come from the Muzo and Chivor mines in Colombia.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its distinct green color and often present 'jardin' (internal inclusions). In the field, look for hexagonal prismatic crystals in mica schists or calcite veins. Common in Colombia, Brazil, Zambia, and Ethiopia.
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